Glossary

A protein that is involved in the reabsorption of glucose from the urine in the kidneys. It is a target for some medications used to treat type 2 diabetes, known as SGLT2 inhibitors.

A class of medications used to treat type 2 diabetes by blocking the action of the SGLT2 protein in the kidneys, which leads to increased glucose excretion in the urine and lower blood glucose levels. They can also have other beneficial effects on cardiovascular and renal health.

A DNA sequence variation that occurs when a single nucleotide in the genome sequence is altered and the particular alteration is present in at least 1% of the population.

An area of cells in the atrium that undergo rapid depolarization and repolarization cycles.

The framework that supports the soft tissues of vertebrate animals and protects many of their internal organs. The skeletons of vertebrates are made of bone and/or cartilage.

One of multiple small, single-stranded RNA molecules generated by cellular machinery from a long, linear, double-stranded RNA molecule. The siRNA associates with one or more proteins in a complex that can degrade or prevent translation of an mRNA with a complimentary sequence.

A small molecule drug is a medication that consists of a relatively small organic molecule, typically less than 500-1000 Daltons in size, and is able to bind to specific target molecules in the body, such as enzymes, receptors, or transporters. Small molecule drugs are a common type of medication and are used to treat a wide range of conditions.

The result of an experiment can be considered statistically significant if we are 95% certain that we will get the same result if we run the experiment again.

A medical emergency that occurs when blood flow to the brain is interrupted, either by a blood clot or a ruptured blood vessel. This can cause brain damage and a range of symptoms, including weakness or paralysis, difficulty speaking or understanding speech, and loss of vision. Prompt treatment is essential to minimize the damage caused by a stroke.

The committee at n-Lorem that provides n-Lorem and the patient’s physicians guidance on the development of treatment goals and clinical outcome assessments for n-Lorem’s diverse patient population.

Beneath the skin.

A disaccharide, or two-part molecule, formed by linking the monosaccharide sugars glucose and fructose.

A type of carbohydrate that is found in many foods, including fruits, vegetables, and grains, as well as in processed foods and sweetened beverages.

The sympathetic nervous system is best known for its role in responding to dangerous or stressful situations. In these situations, your sympathetic nervous system activates to speed up your heart rate, deliver more blood to areas of your body that need more oxygen or other responses to help you get out of danger.

A physical or mental problem that a person experiences that may indicate a disease or condition.